Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1.
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Which of the following
statements is NOT true? A) | Mammals are
vertebrates. | B) | Invertebrates have no backbone. | C) | There are more vertebrate species than invertebrates. | D) | The phylogenetic tree of animals begins with the sponges. | E) | Arthropods have the most species. | | |
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2.
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The most successful of the
invertebrate phyla with respect to the numbers of species is A) | Annelida. | C) | Mollusca. | E) | Nematoda. | B) | Arthropoda. | D) | Echinodermata. | | | | | | |
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3.
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Which of the following
organisms exhibits cephalization? A) | snail | B) | sea
anemone | C) | sea star | D) | sponge | | | | | | | | |
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4.
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"Nerve net" describes
the nervous system of A) | flatworms. | C) | annelids. | E) | none of these | B) | cnidarians. | D) | sponges. | | | | | | |
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5.
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Cnidarians do NOT
have A) | tentacles equipped with nematocysts. | D) | a gastrovascular
cavity. | B) | three germ layers. | E) | medusa stages. | C) | radial symmetry. | | | | |
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6.
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In contrast to cnidarians,
which they closely resemble, comb jellies lack A) | nematocysts. | B) | radial symmetry. | C) | jelly. | D) | all of these | | | | | | | | |
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7.
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The tapeworm might be called
the "ultimate" parasite because it A) | has no need of a
host. | D) | has no digestive tract. | B) | can fertilize itself
indefinitely. | E) | is flat. | C) | is immortal. | | | | |
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8.
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Which of the following is
mismatched? A) | sponges-gemmules | D) | flatworms-flame
cell | B) | cnidarians-polyp | E) | flatworms-scolex | C) | nematodes-segmentation | | | | |
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9.
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Which of the following is NOT a
protostome? A) | earthworm | B) | crayfish | C) | sea star | D) | squid | E) | clam | | | | | | | | | | |
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10.
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Which of the following is in
the phylum characterized by a mantle and a radula? A) | lobster | B) | rotifer | C) | octopus | D) | sand dollar | | | | | | | | |
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11.
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The animal phylum that contains
the greatest number of named species is A) | Mollusca. | C) | Nematoda. | E) | Annelida | B) | Arthropoda. | D) | Chordata. | | | | | | |
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12.
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What are the unique devices
used by insects in atmospheric respiration ? A) | gills. | C) | tracheas. | E) | pedipalps. | B) | lunglike chambers. | D) | mantles. | | | | | | |
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13.
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Placoderms were the first
fishes to display A) | jaws. | B) | gill openings. | C) | cartilaginous skeletons. | D) | jaws and gill
openings. | E) | jaws, gill openings, and cartilaginous
skeletons. | | |
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14.
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The most primitive, but still
existing, vertebrates are members of the class A) | Agnatha. | C) | Chondrichthyes. | E) | Osteichthyes. | B) | Amphibia. | D) | Aves. | | | | | | |
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15.
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When the vertebrates invaded
land, they encountered several conditions. Which of the following most favored the
invasion? A) | an increased gravitational force not encountered in
water | B) | more efficient lungs due to increased oxygen content of
air | C) | more extreme temperature variations | D) | absence of predators and competitors | E) | absence of prey | | |
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16.
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Reptiles differ from earlier
vertebrates by A) | their large size. | D) | the possession of a slimy
skin. | B) | their three-chambered heart. | E) | having external
scales. | C) | internal fertilization. | | | | |
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17.
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The reptiles differ from the
amphibians in that they A) | have a more developed cerebral
cortex. | B) | have scales that prevented desiccation. | C) | have internal fertilization. | D) | use a shelled amniotic egg. | E) | all of these | | |
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18.
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Birds differ from earlier
vertebrates by A) | their lack of scales. | B) | the land egg. | C) | the ability to maintain a constant body
temperature. | D) | the ability to fertilize eggs internally. | E) | their possession of a dorsal nerve cord. | | |
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19.
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Which of the following
statements concerning the placenta is incorrect? A) | It nourishes the young in the
uterus. | B) | Nutrients pass to the fetus. | C) | It is entirely a maternal structure. | D) | It promotes faster growth than does the pouch of marsupials. | E) | It cleans the fetal blood of impurities. | | |
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20.
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Which of the following
insulates various internal organs from the stresses of body-wall movement and bathes them in a liquid
through which nutrients and waste products can diffuse? A) | a coelom | B) | mesoderm | C) | a mantle | D) | a water-vascular
system | E) | all of these | | |
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21.
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Creeping behavior and a mouth
located toward the head end of the body may have led, in some evolutionary lines, to A) | development of a circulatory system with blood. | B) | sexual reproduction. | C) | feeding on nutrients suspended in the
water (filter feeding). | D) | concentration of sense organs in the head
region. | E) | radial symmetry. | | |
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22.
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The second greatest number of
species in an animal phylum is found in A) | nematodes. | B) | mollusks. | C) | platyhelminths. | D) | echinoderms. | E) | cnidarians. | | |
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23.
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Cells of the outer surface of a
sponge obtain nutrients by A) | absorbing food that diffuses from the
central cavity. | B) | capturing food in their
microvilli. | C) | absorbing food distributed by amoeboid
cells. | D) | phagocytosing bacteria and other small food
items. | | |
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24.
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Which body plan is
characterized by simple gas exchange mechanisms, two-way traffic through a highly branched, saclike
gut, and a thin, flat body with all cells fairly close to the gut? A) | cnidarian | B) | nematode | C) | echinoderm | D) | flatworm | | |
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25.
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Earthworms can perform all but
which of the following? A) | chewing of food | B) | respiration | C) | tillage of the
soil | D) | movement using setae | E) | excretion of water | | |
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26.
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Which of the following is NOT a
feature that is found exclusively among all vertebrates? A) | notochord | C) | four legs | E) | dorsal nerve cord | B) | pharyngeal gill
slits | D) | post-anal tail | | | | | | |
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27.
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Lancelets are A) | predators. | B) | filter feeders. | C) | scavengers. | D) | parasites. | E) | scrapers that feed on the ocean bottom. | | |
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28.
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The evolution of
vertebrates A) | is believed to have proceeded from
cephalochordates. | B) | is most closely tied to
urochordates. | C) | is probably in a lineage apart from present-day invertebrate
chordates. | D) | possibly proceeded from cephalochordates to
hemichordates. | | |
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29.
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In true fishes, the gills
primarily serve which function? A) | gas exchange | B) | feeding | C) | water
elimination | D) | both feeding and gas exchange | E) | all of these | | |
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30.
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In the evolution of the
arboreal primates, which of the following features would NOT be an important evolutionary
advancement? A) | opposable thumbs | B) | stereoscopic vision | C) | elongated snout with well-developed sense
of smell | D) | the ability to see in color | E) | a brain with a well-developed ability to judge distances and with the ability to
quickly compensate for misjudgments | | |
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