Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1.
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Which organisms have a somewhat
rigid internal skeleton and many muscles? a. | octopuses | b. | earthworms | c. | sea anemones | d. | insects | e. | vertebrates | | |
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2.
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Histamine
causes a. | blood vessels to contract. | b. | capillaries to lose their permeability. | c. | an outward flow of fluids from the capillaries. | d. | a destruction of mast cells. | e. | an opening of the area of infection through which the body's defense system can
enter. | | |
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3.
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Which of the following
statements is false? a. | The virus that causes AIDS is the human
immunodeficiency virus. | b. | The AIDS virus is a
retrovirus. | c. | The AIDS virus attacks macrophages and helper T
cells. | d. | Even though the AIDS virus does not have its own DNA, it causes the
host to produce DNA that will become part of host chromosomes. | e. | Antibodies to the AIDS virus can be detected immediately after infection
occurs. | | |
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4.
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Which tissue has Haversian
canals? a. | adipose | b. | bone | c. | cartilage | d. | epithelial | e. | muscular | | |
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5.
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When you swallow, the
epiglottis covers the opening to the a. | pharynx. | b. | esophagus. | c. | larynx. | d. | bronchus. | e. | alveoli. | | |
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6.
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Filtration occurs in which
section of mammalian nephrons? a. | glomerulus | b. | loop of Henle | c. | proximal tubules | d. | distal tubules | e. | peritubular
capillaries | | |
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7.
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Smooth muscle a. | is involuntary and nonstriated. | b. | is responsible for movement of the skeleton. | c. | is involved in contraction of the heart. | d. | is connected to bones by tendons. | e. | is involuntary and nonstriated; plus it is involved in contraction of the
heart. | | |
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8.
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Normal bacterial inhabitants of
the human body a. | are naturally resistant to antibiotics. | b. | are able to outcompete some invading pathogens and thus are one of the body's defense
mechanisms. | c. | can be transformed into pathogenic forms if a person's resistance to
disease is low. | d. | are unable to survive the human body's
defense mechanisms. | e. | none of these | | |
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9.
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Hemoglobin contains which
element? a. | chlorine | b. | sodium | c. | iron | d. | copper | e. | magnesium | | |
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10.
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Which of the following organs
of the digestive system is different from the other four because it does NOT produce any secretions
that aid in the digestive process? a. | stomach | b. | liver | c. | esophagus | d. | pancreas | e. | salivary gland | | |
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11.
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Which of the following is NOT
found in lung tissue? a. | blood
capillaries | b. | alveolar sacs | c. | interstitial fluid | d. | connective
tissue | e. | muscle | | |
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12.
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All but which of the following
types of cells can be called "phagocytes"? a. | monocytes | b. | erythrocytes | c. | neutrophils | d. | eosinophils | e. | macrophages | | |
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13.
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Which of the following facts
concerning insect tracheas is false? a. | The fine tubules extend to individual
muscle cells. | b. | The opening to the trachea can be closed. | c. | Gases in the trachea are exchanged with the circulatory
system. | d. | The tubes are reinforced by rings of chitin to prevent
collapse. | | |
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14.
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Which of the following
statements is false concerning the outermost layer of the epidermis? a. | It is the first to feel any abrasion. | b. | Keratin provides waterproofing. | c. | Millions of cells are worn off daily. | d. | Its cells are undergoing rapid cell division. | e. | It is called the stratum corneum. | | |
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15.
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Stem cells give rise
to a. | red blood cells. | b. | megakaryocytes. | c. | macrophages. | d. | lymphocytes. | e. | all of these | | |
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16.
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The word vaccination
comes from the Latin word for a. | germ. | b. | cow. | c. | chicken. | d. | rabbit. | e. | rat. | | |
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17.
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A kidney machine removes
solutes from the blood by means of a. | osmosis. | b. | diffusion. | c. | dialysis. | d. | active transport. | e. | bulk flow. | | |
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18.
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What structure is located at
the junction of the small and large intestines? a. | cecum | b. | rectum | c. | anus | d. | villus | e. | pharynx | | |
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19.
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Which of the following
statements is true? a. | Breathing rate and depth are completely
under voluntary control. | b. | A person can commit suicide by holding his
or her breath. | c. | The contraction of the diaphragm and muscles of the rib cage are under
the control of the reticular formation. | d. | There are chemoreceptors in the medulla
oblongata that monitor the blood pH and control breathing. | e. | The contraction of the diaphragm and muscles of the rib cage are under the control of
the reticular formation; and There are chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata that monitor the blood
pH and control breathing. | | |
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20.
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All but which of the following
can occur in the blood? a. | digestion of
nutrients | b. | combining of oxygen with hemoglobin | c. | transport of phagocytic cells | d. | stabilization of pH | e. | equalization of internal
temperatures | | |
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21.
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The digestion of which class of
foods begins in the mouth? a. | carbohydrates | b. | proteins | c. | lipids | d. | amino acids | e. | nucleic acids | | |
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22.
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Which of the following has the
highest blood pressure? a. | right ventricle | b. | right atrium | c. | left ventricle | d. | left atrium | e. | pulmonary
circulation | | |
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23.
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Digestion of the stomach wall
by gastric juice is usually prevented by a. | secretion of protein-digesting enzymes in
inactive form. | b. | a covering of mucus. | c. | histamine. | d. | secretion of protein-digesting enzymes in
inactive form and a covering of mucus. | e. | secretion of protein-digesting enzymes in
inactive form, a covering of mucus, and histamine. | | |
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24.
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The most abundant waste product
of metabolism is a. | carbon dioxide. | b. | ammonia. | c. | urea. | d. | uric acid. | e. | water. | | |
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25.
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Sphincters a. | are circular muscles. | b. | prevent
backflow. | c. | are smooth muscles. | d. | are found at the entrance and exit of the stomach. | e. | all of these | | |
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26.
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The functional unit of the
kidney is the a. | Bowman's capsule. | b. | nephron. | c. | glomerulus. | d. | urinary bladder. | | |
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27.
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In mammals, which of the
following governs both the thirst mechanism and the hormonal action that affects the amount of water
and solutes excreted in the urine? a. | adrenal cortex | b. | adrenal medulla | c. | anterior
pituitary | d. | hypothalamus | e. | none of these | | |
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28.
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The movement of both oxygen and
carbon dioxide in the body is accomplished by a. | exocytosis and
endocytosis. | b. | bulk flow. | c. | osmosis. | d. | diffusion. | e. | facilitated
diffusion. | | |
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29.
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The pulmonary
circuit a. | involves the hepatic portal vein. | b. | moves oxygen-rich blood to the lungs. | c. | includes the coronary arteries. | d. | leads to, through, and from the lungs. | e. | all of these | | |
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30.
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For the surface of an animal to
function in the integumentary exchange of gases, it must a. | be thin and soft. | b. | have a high number of blood
vessels. | c. | have mucus or a moist covering. | d. | all of these | | |
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31.
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All but which of the following
are functions of the skin? a. | protection from bacterial
invasion | b. | regulation of body temperature | c. | production of tanning hormones | d. | sensing of the external world | e. | production of vitamin D | | |
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32.
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Adult insects exchange
respiratory gases by a. | spiracles. | b. | tracheas. | c. | lungs. | d. | gills. | e. | body surface. | | |
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33.
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Which of the following
statements is true? a. | Arteries carry only oxygenated
blood. | b. | The systemic circuit leaves the heart from the left
ventricle. | c. | Blood passes through only one capillary bed on its trip through the
systemic circuit. | d. | Platelets survive a longer time than
erythrocytes. | e. | The heart is able to pick up the oxygen it needs as the blood flows
through it. | | |
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34.
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The element specifically
associated with muscle contraction is a. | phosphorus. | b. | potassium. | c. | calcium. | d. | sodium. | e. | chlorine. | | |
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35.
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The antidiuretic
hormone a. | promotes processes that lead to an increase in the volume of
urine. | b. | promotes processes that lead to a decrease in the volume of
urine. | c. | acts on the proximal tubules of nephrons in the
kidney. | d. | is produced by the adrenal cortex. | e. | all of these | | |
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36.
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Which of the following systems
is the only one to have direct interactions with the other three? a. | digestive | b. | urinary | c. | circulatory | d. | respiratory | | |
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37.
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The human axial skeleton
includes all but which of the following? a. | skull | b. | ribs | c. | pectoral girdle | d. | sternum | e. | vertebral column | | |
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38.
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When humans breathe using only
the mouth, which of the following is most diminished? a. | filtering | b. | warming | c. | moisturizing | d. | texturizing | | |
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39.
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Which of the following does NOT
dispose of a type of waste directly to the environment? a. | digestive system | b. | respiratory
system | c. | integumentary system | d. | circulatory system | e. | urinary system | | |
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40.
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When the body has excess
sodium, which of the following does NOT happen? a. | More sodium is
excreted. | b. | More sodium is reabsorbed. | c. | Edema occurs. | d. | Blood pressure
rises. | e. | Aldosterone secretion is inhibited. | | |
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41.
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Which of the following is NOT
found in the epidermis? a. | stratified
epithelium | b. | blood vessels | c. | tight cell junctions | d. | keratin | e. | melanin | | |
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42.
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During
inhalation, a. | the pressure in the thoracic cavity is greater than the pressure
within the lungs. | b. | the pressure in the thoracic cavity is
less than the pressure within the lungs. | c. | the diaphragm moves upward and becomes
more curved. | d. | the chest cavity volume decreases. | e. | all of these | | |
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43.
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Atria differ from ventricles in
that they a. | are larger. | b. | have thicker walls with more
muscles. | c. | receive blood from veins. | d. | have a higher blood pressure. | e. | empty through the semilunar valves. | | |
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44.
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The markers that identify
"self" are actually a. | genes. | b. | proteins. | c. | lipids. | d. | small surface bumps. | e. | three letters of the
alphabet. | | |
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45.
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The human
heart a. | will contract as a result of stimuli from the sinoatrial
node. | b. | contracts only as a result of nerve stimulation from the central
nervous system. | c. | is activated primarily through the
autonomic nervous system. | d. | pulse is primarily under the control of
the atrioventricular node. | e. | is independent of all nervous
control. | | |
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46.
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A person sensitive to bee
stings may die minutes after a sting due to a. | a collapse of the immune
system. | b. | a clogging of the capillaries. | c. | a release of excessive fluids from the capillary beds. | d. | respiratory distress caused by excessive mucus. | e. | the extremely sharp rise in blood pressure. | | |
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47.
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The cessation of
smoking a. | can reduce the risk of stillbirth. | b. | reduces the chances of cancer. | c. | reduces the chances of coronary heart disease. | d. | improves lung functioning. | e. | all of these | | |
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48.
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The digestion of proteins
begins in the a. | stomach. | b. | pancreas. | c. | small intestine. | d. | large intestine. | e. | esophagus. | | |
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49.
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Which of the following
substances is NOT filtered from the bloodstream? a. | water | b. | plasma proteins | c. | urea | d. | glucose | e. | sodium | | |
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50.
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Terms that describe the immune
response include all but which of the following? a. | specific | b. | rapid | c. | memory | d. | general | e. | effective | | |
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51.
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Which of the following acts
enzymatically rather than hormonally? a. | cholecystokinin | b. | pepsin | c. | secretin | d. | gastrin | e. | all of these | | |
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52.
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Phagocytes are derived from
stem cells in the a. | spleen. | b. | thymus. | c. | bone marrow. | d. | blood. | e. | liver. | | |
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53.
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The first part of the small
intestine is the a. | duodenum. | b. | ileum. | c. | colon. | d. | cecum. | e. | jejunum. | | |
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54.
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Which organisms have a
hydrostatic skeleton with a soft body wall? a. | earthworms | b. | spiders | c. | sponges | d. | crabs | e. | vertebrates | | |
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55.
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Which cell is NOT involved with
the immune response? a. | erythrocytes | b. | neutrophils | c. | lymphocytes | d. | eosinophils | e. | monocytes | | |
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56.
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Which of the following groups
of animals has a digestive system most unlike the others? a. | mollusks | b. | arthropods | c. | cnidarians | d. | annelids | e. | echinoderms | | |
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57.
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Fats are digested by which of
the following? a. | aminopeptidase | b. | disaccharidases | c. | amylase | d. | lipase | e. | trypsin | | |
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58.
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Which of the following solutes
would NOT leave the vertebrate body under normal conditions? a. | nutrients | b. | ammonia | c. | urea | d. | carbon dioxide | e. | hormones | | |
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59.
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Beaks, hooves, horns, claws,
nails, and quills are outgrowths of a. | epidermis. | b. | hypodermis. | c. | dermis. | d. | gastrodermis. | e. | all of these | | |
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60.
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Which of the following is NOT a
lymphoid organ? a. | tonsils | b. | nodules | c. | thyroid | d. | spleen | e. | thymus | | |
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