Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1.
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Growth designated as
"primary" A) | is responsible for additions to woody
parts. | B) | is dependent upon apical meristem. | C) | occurs along the sides of stems. | D) | increases the diameter of older plants. | | |
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2.
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The plant hormone that promotes
fruit ripening is A) | florigen. | B) | cytokinin. | C) | auxin. | D) | gibberellin. | E) | ethylene. | | |
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3.
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Which theory of water transport
states that hydrogen bonding allows water molecules to maintain a continuous fluid column as water is
pulled from roots to leaves? A) | evaporation | B) | abscission | C) | cohesion-tension | D) | fusion | E) | pressure flow | | |
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4.
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Leaching is caused
by A) | wind only. | B) | wind and water
movements. | C) | water only. | D) | wind, running water, and
ice. | E) | none of these | | |
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5.
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Gibberellins have their most
dramatic effects A) | on flowers. | B) | in cell
elongation. | C) | in stem lengthening. | D) | on leaves. | E) | in fruit
ripening. | | |
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6.
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Microspores are produced
by A) | meiosis. | B) | mitosis. | C) | carpels. | D) | carpels and
meiosis. | E) | parthenogenesis. | | |
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7.
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A house plant that has been
placed in the window will grow toward the source of light because auxin A) | becomes more concentrated in the roots of the plant. | B) | becomes more concentrated on the illuminated side of the
plant. | C) | becomes less concentrated on the illuminated side of the
plant. | D) | inhibits the growth of cells on the shady side, so the cells on the
sunny side grow faster. | | |
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8.
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Mycorrhizae A) | allow a plant to absorb more water. | B) | are symbionts. | C) | increase plant
growth. | D) | increase the surface area for absorption of water and
minerals. | E) | all of these | | |
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9.
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The main photosynthetic area of
a leaf is composed of A) | cortex. | B) | mesophyll. | C) | epidermis. | D) | xylem. | E) | none of these | | |
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10.
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A cuticle A) | resists attack by microorganisms. | B) | covers epidermal cells. | C) | may contain waxes and
cutin. | D) | resists water loss. | E) | all of these | | |
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11.
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Alternation of generations
refers to the A) | presence of the different sexes in two different
plants. | B) | presence of a diploid and a haploid generation in the life cycle of
plants. | C) | expression of recessive traits. | D) | occurrence of a sexually reproducing diploid stage followed by an asexually
reproducing haploid stage during the life cycle of higher plants. | | |
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12.
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Polysaccharides are used by
plants for A) | food storage. | B) | cementing cells together. | C) | food storage and structural
support. | D) | food storage, structural support, and cementing cells
together. | E) | structural support. | | |
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13.
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The female gametophyte is
the A) | ovule. | B) | embryo sac. | C) | nucellus. | D) | ovary. | E) | endosperm. | | |
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14.
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Which of the following is a
dicot? A) | oak | B) | palm | C) | orchid | D) | grass | E) | lily | | |
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15.
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Foul-smelling flowers may be
pollinated by A) | bees and bumblebees. | B) | bugs and butterflies. | C) | wasps. | D) | birds. | E) | beetles and
flies. | | |
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16.
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Air and water vapor cross the
epidermis via A) | perforations. | B) | pits. | C) | tracheids. | D) | osmosis. | E) | stomata. | | |
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17.
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The endosperm
is A) | polyploid. | B) | diploid. | C) | haploid. | D) | triploid. | E) | tetraploid. | | |
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18.
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The cells that function with
the sieve tubes are the A) | periderm. | B) | sclereids. | C) | vessels. | D) | adjunct cells. | E) | companion cells. | | |
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19.
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Carbohydrates are stored in
plants in the form of A) | glucose. | B) | fats. | C) | sucrose. | D) | starch. | E) | cellulose. | | |
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20.
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In CAM plants, such as
cacti, A) | guard cells are present but operate the reverse of usual
plants. | B) | there are no stomata because the water loss would be too
great. | C) | the stomata are open during the day even though the plants cannot
afford to lose the water. | D) | stomata are open at
night. | E) | the stomata are open both day and night. | | |
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21.
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The function of flowers is
to A) | attract insects and produce sex cells. | B) | attract insects. | C) | produce sex
cells. | D) | enable scientists to classify plants into the proper taxonomic
group. | E) | provide beauty to the environment. | | |
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22.
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Which of the following is NOT
promoted by the active form of phytochrome? A) | leaf expansion | B) | root growth | C) | stem branching | D) | seed germination | E) | none of these | | |
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23.
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Chemicals produced by one group
of cells that affect distant target cells are called A) | polymers. | B) | enzymes. | C) | steroids. | D) | secretions. | E) | hormones. | | |
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24.
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If all of the phloem were
stripped from around a tree in a process known as girdling, A) | there would be no problems unless the tree became infected by insects and
fungi. | B) | the vascular cambium would be destroyed so that the plant could no
longer grow. | C) | the shoot system would get no moisture or
minerals. | D) | the roots would starve and eventually the plant would
die. | E) | the plant would stop growing. | | |
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25.
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Which of the following
statements is false? A) | Ground tissue is the most common type of
tissue in a plant. | B) | Internodes are the spaces between
leaves. | C) | Cotyledons are leaves within a seed. | D) | Dermal tissue covers the body of the plant. | E) | Axillary buds are found at the tip of the stems. | | |
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26.
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The egg is A) | diploid. | B) | haploid. | C) | tetraploid. | D) | polyploid. | E) | triploid. | | |
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27.
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Which of the following choices
represents the correct sequence? A) | microspores--> meiosis-->
gametophyte--> sperm | B) | gametophyte--> meiosis-->
megaspores--> eggs | C) | meiosis--> microspores-->
gametophyte--> sperm | D) | meiosis--> gametophyte-->
megaspores--> eggs | | |
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28.
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By definition, humus includes
all of the following except A) | decomposing organic
matter. | B) | leaf litter. | C) | dead organisms. | D) | feces. | E) | weathered rock. | | |
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29.
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Which of the following is
mismatched? A) | petiole-leaf stalk | B) | veins-vascular bundles | C) | cotyledon-seed
leaf | D) | blade-leaf | E) | deciduous-evergreen | | |
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30.
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Which of the following is NOT
an essential element for most land plants? A) | molybdenum, Mo | B) | potassium, K | C) | sodium, Na | D) | copper, Cu | E) | all of these are
essential | | |
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31.
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Movement of soluble organic
material through plants is known as A) | active
transport. | B) | transpiration. | C) | translocation. | D) | passive
transport. | E) | none of these | | |
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32.
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The conifers, such as pines and
junipers, are examples of the A) | filicinae. | B) | gymnosperms. | C) | bryophytes. | D) | angiosperms. | E) | none of these | | |
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33.
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Which of the following is true
of monocots? A) | vascular bundles throughout ground tissue | B) | leaf veins usually netlike | C) | floral parts in multiples of fours and
fives | D) | has two cotyledons | E) | pollen grains with three pores | | |
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34.
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Even though the autumn may be
unusually warm, the leaves from deciduous trees begin to drop during September. Which of the
following is the best explanation? A) | The effects of phototropism are operating
"right on schedule." | B) | The autumn months are usually drier
because the summer rains have tapered off. | C) | The trees are responding to shorter
days. | D) | There is not enough sunlight to carry on photosynthesis any
longer. | | |
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35.
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Cells that are the main
water-conducting cells of a plant are A) | sieve tubes. | B) | parenchyma. | C) | sclereids. | D) | tracheids. | E) | all of these | | |
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36.
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The primary function of the
endosperm is A) | water absorption. | B) | food storage. | C) | protection. | D) | growth. | E) | reproduction. | | |
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37.
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The calyx is composed
of A) | ovules. | B) | anthers. | C) | sepals. | D) | petals. | E) | stigmas. | | |
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38.
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The evolution of flowers and
insects is an example of A) | parallel
evolution. | B) | regressive evolution. | C) | convergent evolution. | D) | divergent
evolution. | E) | coevolution. | | |
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39.
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The plant hormone thought to be
involved with response to gravity and light is A) | ethylene. | B) | auxin. | C) | gibberellin. | D) | abscisic acid. | E) | none of these | | |
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40.
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Charles Darwin did research
on A) | germination. | B) | dwarf pea
plants. | C) | fruit ripening. | D) | coleoptiles and phototropism. | E) | flowering. | | |
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41.
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Perpetually young tissues where
cells retain the ability to divide are A) | photosynthetic. | B) | protective. | C) | meristematic. | D) | vascular. | E) | all of these | | |
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42.
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The soil particles that hold
nutrients best are composed of A) | quartzite. | B) | humus. | C) | clay. | D) | silt. | E) | sand. | | |
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43.
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Roots are involved in all but
which of the following activities? A) | support | B) | food production | C) | food storage | D) | absorption and conduction | E) | anchorage | | |
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44.
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The cells that surround stomata
are A) | guard cells. | B) | mesophyll cells. | C) | vessel cells. | D) | vascular bundle
cells. | E) | endodermal cells. | | |
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45.
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Root hairs are the extensions
of the A) | vascular bundles. | B) | apical meristem. | C) | epidermis. | D) | pericycle. | E) | root cap. | | |
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46.
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Insects are attracted to
flowers by A) | specific colors. | B) | nectaries. | C) | specific color
patterns. | D) | floral odors. | E) | all of these | | |
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47.
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Which of the following
statements is false? A) | Root hairs are composed of single
epidermal cells. | B) | In plant cells, ATP is produced by both
photosynthesis and respiration. | C) | Water moves through the Casparian
strip. | D) | Nodules containing bacteria enable plants to increase their absorption
of nitrogen. | E) | Water travels along the cells of the cortex but must move through the
cytoplasm of endodermal cells. | | |
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48.
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Synthetic auxins are used
as A) | insecticides. | B) | pesticides. | C) | herbicides. | D) | fungicides. | E) | all of these | | |
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49.
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Pollen grains fossilize well
because A) | of their small size. | B) | of their strong, resistant walls. | C) | they are dry. | D) | they are
haploid. | E) | of the muddy environments into which they
fall. | | |
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50.
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In an annual tree ring, the
light wood is A) | formed from crushed phloem cells. | B) | the remnant of the bark produced the year before. | C) | produced in the winter. | D) | produced each
spring. | | |
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51.
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Potatoes reproduce
by A) | rhizomes. | B) | runners. | C) | tubers. | D) | bulbs. | E) | corms. | | |
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52.
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The corolla is made up
of A) | carpels. | B) | petals. | C) | pollen grains. | D) | sepals. | E) | anthers. | | |
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53.
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Compared with young trees
growing out in the open, young trees growing in a darker forest understory tend to have longer,
thinner trunks with less branching; this developmental pattern is principally caused
by A) | inactive phytochrome being converted to active phytochrome. | B) | thigmotropism. | C) | phototropism. | D) | activated phytochrome being converted to inactive
phytochrome. | E) | none of these | | |
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54.
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Water tension in a transpiring
plant A) | is exerted on a continuous column of water throughout the
plant. | B) | results in the loss of over 90 percent of the water the plant
absorbs. | C) | is the result of the polar nature of water
molecules. | D) | will exert a pull on water molecules lower down in the plant's
vascular system. | E) | all of these | | |
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55.
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Which of the following is
mismatched? A) | abscisic acid-promotes stomatal closure | B) | auxin-promotes cell elongation | C) | gibberellin-involved in phototropism and gravitropism | D) | ethylene-promotes leaf abscission | E) | cytokinin-retards aging | | |
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56.
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If houseplants must be left
unattended for any length of time, some people recommend placing plastic bags over them. What is the
reasoning behind this procedure? A) | Heat will build up in the bag and keep the
plant from freezing. | B) | Water will condense on the inside of the
bag and water the soil. | C) | Transpiration will be slowed, and more
water will remain in the soil. | D) | Photosynthesis will be increased due to
the concentration of carbon dioxide in the bag. | | |
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57.
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When a cell begins to enlarge
after cell division, the primary cell wall A) | becomes thicker due to the addition of
polysaccharides. | B) | becomes thinner because it is
stretched. | C) | is rather elastic, can be stretched, and becomes thicker due to the
addition of polysaccharides. | D) | is rather elastic and can be
stretched. | E) | is rather elastic and can be stretched making it
thinner. | | |
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58.
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Sugars are carried throughout
the plant in which tissue? A) | xylem | B) | parenchyma | C) | phloem | D) | cambium | E) | cortex | | |
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59.
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The male part of a flower is
the A) | sepal. | B) | stamen. | C) | petal. | D) | receptacle. | E) | carpel. | | |
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60.
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Stamens
contain A) | stigmas. | B) | anthers. | C) | ovules. | D) | petals. | E) | sepals. | | |
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