Name: 
 

Year End Ch. 1-8 Practice


Multiple Choice: Correct answers = 1 pt.  Wrong answers = -1/4 pt.  Blank = 0 pt.
 

 1. 
Metabolic reactions would most likely be described during a discussion of
A.
energy transduction.
B.
cellular organization.
C.
responses to environmental stimuli.
D.
perpetuation of the species.
E.
none of the above
 

 2. 
Inhibitors of enzyme-catalyzed reactions act by
A.
forming clusters of reactants that are unable to break free.
B.
tying up ATP supplies.
C.
binding to the enzyme's active site.
D.
tying up ATP supplies, and binding to the enzyme's active site.
E.
forming clusters of reactants that are unable to break free, tying up ATP supplies, and binding to the enzyme's active site.
 

 3. 
Flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are examples of
A.
functional nucleotides.
B.
transport nucleotides.
C.
structural nucleotides.
D.
nuclear proteins.
E.
chemical messengers.
 

 4. 
Hydrogen ion flow in the thylakoid compartments
A.
occurs between photosystems I and II.
B.
is called the hydrogen transfer system.
C.
provides energy to produce ATP molecules.
D.
causes excitation of chlorophyll molecules.
E.
requires the intermediary action of acceptor molecules.
 

 5. 
Members of what kingdom are all anaerobic?
A.
Animalia
B.
Protista
C.
Fungi
D.
Plantae
E.
Archaebacteria
 

 6. 
For glycolysis to begin,
A.
glucose must enter the mitochondria.
B.
there must be an input of energy from ATP.
C.
oxygen must be available.
D.
some hydrogen acceptors must be available.
E.
none of these
 

 7. 
In the chemical shorthand 14C, the fourteen represents the number of
A.
excess neutrons.
B.
protons plus neutrons.
C.
electrons.
D.
protons plus electrons.
E.
radioactive particles.
 

 8. 
The atomic weight (or mass) of an atom is determined by the weight of
A.
neutrons and protons.
B.
neutrons and electrons.
C.
protons and electrons.
D.
protons only.
E.
neutrons only.
 

 9. 
Which of these components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract with the least digestion?
A.
sugar (in the dressing)
B.
oil (lipid)
C.
starch (in the croutons)
D.
cellulose (lettuce leaves)
E.
protein (in bacon bits)
 

 10. 
Condensation and hydrolysis are accomplished in cells by
A.
bonding attraction.
B.
the action of enzymes.
C.
spontaneous action.
D.
functional group interactions.
E.
all of these
 

 11. 
The net direction that an ion or molecule moves is
A.
dependent upon the size of the molecule.
B.
unpredictable because movement is random.
C.
controlled by the temperature of the medium.
D.
controlled by the membranes in the vicinity.
E.
the result of concentration differences.
 

 12. 
Which of the following statements is false?
A.
Enzymes are highly specific and act on chemicals called substrates.
B.
Enzymes act as catalysts and speed up chemical reactions within cells.
C.
Heavy metals such as cadmium and mercury function as coenzymes or activators of enzymes so they can function.
D.
Most enzymes are proteins.
E.
Enzymes can become denatured in high fevers.
 

 13. 
If a cell did not have ribosomes, it would be unable to
A.
extract energy from glucose.
B.
synthesize glucose.
C.
store food in the form of fat.
D.
form proteins.
 

 14. 
Which statement is NOT true?
A.
Because living things maintain organization, entropy does not apply to living organisms.
B.
The amount of energy in the web of life is greatest among the plants that capture solar energy.
C.
A state of maximum entropy will never occur.
D.
Entropy applies at the molecular level as well as at the organismal level.
E.
Entropy is a measure of the degree of disorder of a system.
 

 15. 
Which of the following is NOT true of hydrogen bonds?
A.
They are quite weak.
B.
The hydrogen is slightly positive.
C.
They are common in macromolecules.
D.
They form in salts such as NaCl.
E.
They always involve hydrogen.
 

 16. 
The transition of the early earth's atmosphere from one rich in hydrogen to one rich in oxygen may be attributed to
A.
photolysis.
B.
photophosphorylation.
C.
cyclic AMP.
D.
chlorophyll breakdown.
E.
all of these
 

 17. 
Structural features that contain the protein actin and help to control the shapes of cells are
A.
plastids.
B.
vacuoles.
C.
microvilli.
D.
nucleoli.
E.
microfilaments.
 

 18. 
Fermentation
A.
may occur in a muscle under anaerobic conditions.
B.
produces more ATP than is liberated in the hydrogen transfer series.
C.
breaks down glucose in reaction with oxygen.
D.
is restricted to yeasts.
E.
none of these
 

 19. 
The hierarchical system of nomenclature
A.
allows diversity to be catalogued.
B.
shows the evolutionary relationships among organisms.
C.
permits organisms to be identified.
D.
clarifies confusion produced by tremendous variation.
E.
all of these
 

 20. 
Movement of matter or energy in nature may be the result of
A.
concentration gradients.
B.
differential pressures.
C.
differences in electrical charges.
D.
the existence of thermal differentials.
E.
all of these
 

 21. 
The breakdown of a plasma or nuclear membrane would yield
A.
cellulose.
B.
suberin and cutin.
C.
phospholipids and proteins.
D.
microtubules and microfilaments.
 

 22. 
Which of the following is NOT a form of passive transport?
A.
osmosis
B.
facilitated diffusion
C.
bulk flow
D.
exocytosis
E.
none of these
 

 23. 
How many ATP molecules (net yield) are produced per molecule of glucose degraded during glycolysis?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
4
D.
36
E.
38
 

 24. 
Enzymes
A.
may be secreted by glands.
B.
are usually molecules of RNA.
C.
are nonspecific with regard to substrate.
D.
enable some reactions to occur that would never happen without the availability of enzymes.
E.
will mediate a reversible reaction in one direction only.
 

 25. 
Endergonic reactions
A.
have more energy in the reactants than in the products.
B.
have more energy in the products than in the reactants.
C.
are illustrated by the breakdown of glucose.
D.
are the mechanisms used by animals to provide energy for biological reactions.
E.
have more energy in the products than in the reactants and are illustrated by the breakdown of glucose.
 

 26. 
The internal membrane system of the chloroplast is called a
A.
thylakoid.
B.
stroma.
C.
lamella.
D.
mitochondrion.
E.
tracheid.
 

 27. 
A "high-energy bond"
A.
absorbs a large amount of free energy when the phosphate group is attached during hydrolysis.
B.
is formed when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and one phosphate group.
C.
is usually found in each glucose molecule; that is why glucose is chosen as the starting point for glycolysis.
D.
releases a large amount of usable energy when the phosphate group is split off during hydrolysis.
E.
none of these
 

 28. 
Which statement is true?
A.
A cell placed in an isotonic solution will swell.
B.
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will swell.
C.
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will shrink.
D.
A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will remain the same size.
E.
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will remain the same size.
 

 29. 
Which of the following statements is true?
A.
When lipids and water are mixed, it is the water molecules that isolate themselves into droplets.
B.
When lipids and water are mixed, the lipids dissolve and enter into a solution.
C.
Lipids are classified as nonpolar substances and will not mix with water.
D.
Polar substances are able to pass through a plasma membrane more readily than nonpolar substances.
E.
All portions of a phospholipid molecule found in a membrane are classified as nonpolar.
 

 30. 
The interaction of four polypeptide chains in a hemoglobin molecule is __________ structure.
A.
quaternary
B.
secondary
C.
primary
D.
tertiary
E.
quintinery
 

 31. 
All living organisms
A.
generate ATP.
B.
utilize oxygen.
C.
have a well-defined nucleus.
D.
produce carbon dioxide.
E.
generate ATP and produce carbon dioxide.
 

 32. 
Radioactive isotopes have
A.
excess electrons.
B.
excess protons.
C.
excess neutrons.
D.
insufficient neutrons.
E.
insufficient protons.
 

 33. 
DNA
A.
is one of the adenosine phosphates.
B.
is one of the nucleotide coenzymes.
C.
contains protein-building instructions.
D.
translates protein-building instructions into actual protein structures.
E.
none of these
 

 34. 
In the breakdown of glucose, a phosphorylated six-carbon compound is split into two three-carbon compounds which are named
A.
phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL).
B.
pyruvate.
C.
acetyl-CoA.
D.
lactate.
E.
acetaldehyde.
 

 35. 
The method of movement that requires the expenditure of ATP molecules is
A.
simple diffusion.
B.
facilitated diffusion.
C.
osmosis.
D.
active transport.
E.
bulk flow.
 

 36. 
A molecule is
A.
a combination of two or more atoms.
B.
less stable than its constituent atoms separated.
C.
electrically charged.
D.
a carrier of one or more extra neutrons.
E.
none of these
 

 37. 
Cilia and flagella
A.
are found only in motile cells.
B.
are found only in sex cells and unicellular organisms.
C.
are fundamentally the same structurally.
D.
may also function as receptor sites for certain hormones.
 

 38. 
Chemosynthetic forms of life
A.
derive energy from sunlight.
B.
derive energy by stripping hydrogen from inorganic compounds such as sulfur compounds.
C.
are anaerobic forms that live in the dark.
D.
are one form of heterotrophic life.
E.
are unable to generate enough energy to synthesize complex food-storage molecules.
 

 39. 
In contrast to the membrane of the nucleus, the double membrane of a mitochondrion
A.
is riddled with holes.
B.
is not permeable.
C.
creates two compartments.
D.
separates DNA from cytoplasm.
E.
has two lipid bilayers.
 

 40. 
Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7. How many hydrogen atoms are necessary to join with the nitrogen to form a stable compound?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
E.
5
 

 41. 
Which of the following proteins is not necessarily associated with the plasma membrane?
A.
recognition protein
B.
antibody protein
C.
receptor protein
D.
channel protein
E.
adhesion protein
 

 42. 
Which of the following are the primary structures for the packaging of cellular secretions for export from the cell?
A.
Golgi bodies
B.
ribosomes
C.
mitochondria
D.
lysosomes
E.
endoplasmic reticula
 

 43. 
Activation energy
A.
is less when enzymes are present.
B.
allows greater interaction of substrate with the active site.
C.
is needed to begin a reaction.
D.
is less when enzymes are present and is needed to begin a reaction.
E.
is less when enzymes are present, allows greater interaction of substrate with the active site, and is needed to begin a reaction.
 

 44. 
Which of the following is NOT true?
A.
Cells lose some energy in the form of heat.
B.
Energy flows in one direction.
C.
The web of life refers to the flow of energy through an ecosystem.
D.
The primary source for energy on earth is the sun.
E.
The most common and important form of energy available for living organisms is heat.
 

 45. 
Glucose and fructose are different
A.
in the number of carbons they possess.
B.
in their relationship to the sucrose molecules.
C.
in the way that their atoms are arranged.
D.
in the number of double bonds they possess.
E.
both in the way that their atoms are arranged and in the number of double bonds they possess.
 

 46. 
Which is a C4 plant?
A.
corn
B.
pine
C.
sugarcane
D.
crabgrass
E.
all except pine
 

 47. 
Hereditary instructions must
A.
be unchanging most of the time.
B.
pass from one generation to the next.
C.
control a large number of different characteristics.
D.
provide for the rare change in instructions.
E.
all of these
 

 48. 
All but which condition must be present for light-independent reactions to occur?
A.
presence of carbon dioxide
B.
exposure of the plant to light
C.
presence of ribulose bisphosphate
D.
presence of ATP and NADPH
E.
presence of required enzymes
 

 49. 
The column of water extending in tubes from plant roots to leaves is due mostly to
A.
cohesion.
B.
evaporation.
C.
ionization.
D.
hydrophobic interactions.
E.
all of these
 

 50. 
Which of the following chemicals has the most energy?
A.
phosphoglycerate (PGA)
B.
ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
C.
phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)
D.
glucose
E.
oxaloacetate
 

 51. 
Which compound is hydrophobic?
A.
ethyl alcohol
B.
simple sugar
C.
hydrocarbon
D.
glycerol
E.
amino acid
 

 52. 
In most complex plants, the excess glucose is stored as
A.
glucose.
B.
starch.
C.
sucrose.
D.
glycogen.
E.
cellulose.
 

 53. 
Movement of a molecule against a concentration gradient is
A.
simple diffusion.
B.
facilitated diffusion.
C.
osmosis.
D.
active transport.
E.
bulk flow.
 

 54. 
The first forms of life that produced ATP probably used pathways similar to
A.
photosynthesis.
B.
photophosphorylation.
C.
glycolysis and fermentation.
D.
the Krebs cycle.
E.
aerobic respiration.
 

 55. 
Actual assembly of sugars during photosynthesis
A.
occurs during light-independent reactions.
B.
takes place in the stroma.
C.
requires chlorophyll.
D.
occurs during light-independent reactions and takes place in the stroma.
E.
occurs during light-independent reactions, takes place in the stroma, and requires chlorophyll.
 

 56. 
The sequence of amino acids is the __________ structure of proteins.
A.
primary
B.
secondary
C.
tertiary
D.
quaternary
E.
stereo
 

 57. 
Energy transfers take place at what organizational level?
A.
molecule
B.
organelle
C.
cell
D.
organ
E.
organism
 

 58. 
For a cell to take up sugar from the bloodstream,
A.
receptors for insulin on the cells must be activated.
B.
a person must have had a meal with sugar within the last twenty-four hours.
C.
homeostatic mechanisms must activate the blood-brain barrier.
D.
glycogen must be broken down to provide a supply of glucose.
E.
the pancreas must supply the appropriate enzymes to make sugar available.
 

 59. 
Where in a plant cell is chlorophyll found?
A.
on the outer chloroplast membrane
B.
inside the mitochondria
C.
in the stroma
D.
in the thylakoids
E.
none of these
 

 60. 
Which of the following is true of water?
A.
The oxygen end is slightly electropositive.
B.
Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together.
C.
Water covers about one-half of the earth's surface.
D.
Hydrophobic interactions attract water molecules.
E.
Solvent properties are greatest with nonpolar molecules.
 



 
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