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Ch. 17-32 Year End Practice


Multiple Choice: Correct answers = 1 pt.  Wrong answers = -1/4 pt.  Blank = 0 pt.
 

 1. 
Which statement is NOT true?
A.
Migration leads to genetic variation.
B.
Dominant genes always occur more frequently in a population than recessive genes.
C.
Nonrandom mating may result in changes in gene frequency.
D.
The Hardy-Weinberg law applies to large, stable populations.
E.
Crossing over increases variation.
 

 2. 
Which of the following is considered a USUAL cause of variation in sexually reproducing organisms?
A.
changes in chromosome number
B.
mutation
C.
independent assortment of chromosomes
D.
crossing over
E.
both independent assortment of chromosomes and crossing over
 

 3. 
The fact that many vertebrate embryos are more similar to one another than their respective adult stages are to one another may ultimately be due to
A.
environment.
B.
hormones.
C.
microevolution.
D.
genes.
E.
speciation.
 

 4. 
Suppose you witness the mating of a cat and a dog, obviously two different species, but realize that there will be no viable offspring due to isolating mechanisms that are
A.
mechanical.
B.
gametic.
C.
behavioral.
D.
temporal.
E.
ecological.
 

 5. 
Which of the following is a disadvantage of an exoskeleton?
A.
It must be shed for its owner to grow.
B.
It does not provide as efficient a muscle anchorage as an endoskeleton.
C.
It allows for excess water loss.
D.
It is not flexible enough to allow a full range of movement.
E.
It is not able to absorb pigments for sufficient camouflage.
 

 6. 
Which annelid structure may resemble the ancestral structure from which the vertebrate kidney evolved?
A.
trachea
B.
nephridium
C.
mantle
D.
parapodia
E.
none of these
 

 7. 
The persistence of the sickle-cell anemia allele in the African population is the result of
A.
a high rate of mutation of the normal allele to the sickle-cell anemia allele.
B.
the advantage of the heterozygous form over the homozygous forms.
C.
nonrandom mating.
D.
a decline in the occurrence of malaria in Africa.
 

 8. 
In an unchanging environment, selection in a well-adapted population is
A.
directional.
B.
disruptive.
C.
stabilizing.
D.
absent.
 

 9. 
The Hardy-Weinberg rule
A.
is useful in determining the extent to which a sexually reproducing population is evolving.
B.
is used to predict when genetic drift will occur in a sexually reproducing population.
C.
is useful in determining the extent to which polyploidy is occurring in specific plant populations.
D.
is used to predict when specific groups of organisms will become extinct.
E.
all of these
 

 10. 
Macroevolution involves all but which one of the following?
A.
the development of higher taxa
B.
periods of massive extinction at the end of geologic periods
C.
the concept of punctuated equilibrium
D.
gradual differentiation that leads to speciation
 

 11. 
Gene flow
A.
has a homogenizing influence on a population.
B.
speeds up the divergence of two populations.
C.
increases the genetic variation between populations.
D.
is promoted by isolating mechanisms.
E.
none of these
 

 12. 
The plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening is
A.
auxin.
B.
gibberellin.
C.
cytokinin.
D.
florigen.
E.
ethylene.
 

 13. 
Which of the following is NOT part of the plant shoot system?
A.
stems
B.
roots
C.
flowers
D.
leaves
E.
all of these are parts of the shoot system
 

 14. 
The fact that cats and humans are both classified as mammals provides us with which minimum of information?
A.
Humans evolved from cats.
B.
Cats have descended from other cats.
C.
Both have mammary glands.
D.
The ancestor of humans was a catlike creature.
E.
Cats and humans are unrelated.
 

 15. 
Amphibians are completely dependent on an aquatic environment for
A.
respiration.
B.
feeding.
C.
reproduction.
D.
respiration and reproduction.
E.
respiration, reproduction, and feeding.
 

 16. 
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.
All chordates have notochords.
B.
All chordates have pharyngeal pouches or perforations.
C.
All chordates have dorsal tubular nerve cords.
D.
All chordates are vertebrates.
E.
Chordates are found in all major types of environments.
 

 17. 
The major food transport substance in plants is
A.
oil.
B.
glucose.
C.
starch.
D.
fructose.
E.
sucrose.
 

 18. 
The lack of transitional forms of organisms would be
A.
more expected in the gradual model than in the punctuation model.
B.
more expected in the punctuation model than in the gradual model.
C.
equally expected in both models.
D.
expected in neither model.
 

 19. 
Sexual dimorphism has arisen as a result of
A.
stabilizing selection.
B.
kin selection.
C.
sexual selection.
D.
directional selection.
E.
all of these
 

 20. 
Which of the following are vascular plants?
A.
bryophytes
B.
ferns
C.
red algae
D.
green algae
E.
brown algae
 

 21. 
All fungi
A.
are saprobes.
B.
perform extracellular digestion.
C.
are parasites.
D.
are saprobes and perform extracellular digestion.
E.
are saprobes, perform extracellular digestion, and are parasites.
 

 22. 
When DDT was first introduced, insects were very susceptible to it. The development of resistance to DDT by insects was the result of
A.
special creation.
B.
natural selection of forms that expressed genes for resistance.
C.
the high biotic potential of insects.
D.
a naturally occurring example of inheritance of acquired characteristics.
E.
mutation induced by DDT.
 

 23. 
Cells that are the main water-conducting cells of a plant are
A.
sclereids.
B.
tracheids.
C.
sieve tubes.
D.
parenchyma.
E.
all of these
 

 24. 
Sympatric speciation occurs
A.
gradually.
B.
rapidly.
C.
in the same homeland.
D.
gradually and in the same homeland.
E.
rapidly and in the same homeland.
 

 25. 
If the frequency of the recessive allele is 30 percent, the frequency of the heterozygous carrier would be what percent?
A.
42
B.
9
C.
27
D.
60
E.
80
 

 26. 
Which group includes all the others?
A.
tarsoids
B.
hominoids
C.
prosimians
D.
anthropoids
E.
primates
 

 27. 
In stabilizing selection,
A.
differential survival and reproduction favor the extremes of the population.
B.
humans are the chief factor controlling which organisms survive and reproduce.
C.
the most common type of organisms survive and reproduce.
D.
the characteristics of a population move in one direction or another through time.
E.
variability is encouraged in a population and unusual forms are more common.
 

 28. 
All but which factor were important evolutionary adaptations in primates?
A.
enhanced stereoscopic vision
B.
upright position
C.
an opposable thumb
D.
the development of a restricted or specialized diet
E.
the ability to move the limbs and head freely in any direction
 

 29. 
Divergence may lead to
A.
genetic drift.
B.
speciation.
C.
balanced polymorphism.
D.
gene flow.
E.
genetic equilibrium.
 

 30. 
Cellular slime molds can be distinguished from plasmodial slime molds on the basis of
A.
reproductive structures.
B.
spore formation.
C.
nuclei per cell.
D.
slime trails.
E.
food requirements.
 

 31. 
Neutral mutations
A.
are not subjected to selection.
B.
occur at different rates at different times during evolution.
C.
confer a disadvantage.
D.
do not occur; either a gene enhances survival or it does not.
E.
account for the difference between hemoglobin in normal blood and that found in sickle-cell anemia.
 

 32. 
A scolex is
A.
the anterior attachment organ of a tapeworm.
B.
the feeding organ of a fluke.
C.
an appendage of a sandworm.
D.
the egg of a sea star.
E.
the larva of an aquatic insect.
 

 33. 
The water and minerals absorbed by the roots usually first enter the
A.
pericycle.
B.
vascular tissue.
C.
cortex.
D.
root hairs.
E.
endodermis.
 

 34. 
One part of Darwin's theory is that individuals with certain traits have an increased competitive edge. The source of these traits is
A.
adaptation to the stress.
B.
development over a lifetime.
C.
inheritance from birth.
D.
mutation after birth.
E.
all of these
 

 35. 
A cuticle
A.
resists water loss.
B.
covers epidermal cells.
C.
may contain waxes and cutin.
D.
resists attack by microorganisms.
E.
all of these
 

 36. 
Perhaps a plant's greatest liability is its inability to
A.
produce growth hormones.
B.
use aerobic respiration.
C.
move when conditions around it deteriorate.
D.
produce its own lipids and proteins.
E.
respond to dwindling supplies of nutrients and water.
 

 37. 
A mantle is found only among the
A.
Arthropoda.
B.
Annelida.
C.
Echinodermata.
D.
Mollusca.
E.
Chordata.
 

 38. 
The cells that surround stomata are
A.
endodermal cells.
B.
guard cells.
C.
mesophyll cells.
D.
vascular bundle cells.
E.
vessel cells.
 

 39. 
Which of the following is NOT an explanation for mass extinction?
A.
collisions between the earth and other bodies in the solar system
B.
continental movements
C.
adaptive radiation of new predator species in many lineages
D.
alterations in sea level
 

 40. 
Which geologic era is the most ancient?
A.
Cenozoic
B.
Mesozoic
C.
Proterozoic
D.
Archean
E.
Paleozoic
 

 41. 
Gametophytes are
A.
haploid plants that produce spores.
B.
diploid plants that produce spores.
C.
haploid plants that produce gametes.
D.
diploid plants that produce gametes.
E.
diploid or haploid plants that produce gametes.
 

 42. 
Members of a population would be least likely to have which of the following in common?
A.
phenotype
B.
morphological traits
C.
genotype
D.
physiological traits
E.
behavioral traits
 

 43. 
Frogs
A.
have a three-chambered heart.
B.
have an open circulatory system.
C.
use their skin and pharynx as respiratory surfaces.
D.
have a tongue that is anchored at the front of the mouth.
E.
all but "have an open circulatory system" are true
 

 44. 
The animal phylum that contains the greatest number of named species is
A.
Mollusca.
B.
Arthropoda.
C.
Nematoda.
D.
Chordata.
E.
Annelida
 

 45. 
Members of the same species would be expected to
A.
look alike.
B.
be reproductively isolated from one another.
C.
share the same gene pool.
D.
have the same phenotype.
E.
resist evolution.
 

 46. 
Photosynthesis takes place in the
A.
stomata.
B.
vascular bundles.
C.
cuticle.
D.
lower and upper epidermis.
E.
mesophyll tissue.
 

 47. 
Natural selection
A.
actively combs through a population searching for the best combination of genes.
B.
is a haphazard process based upon chance.
C.
involves differential survival.
D.
involves differential reproduction.
E.
involves both differential survival and differential reproduction.
 

 48. 
Chloroplasts
A.
resemble photosynthetic bacteria.
B.
utilize the same pigments regardless of what organism they inhabit.
C.
apparently evolved mitochondria.
D.
utilize DNA derived from the nucleus.
E.
all of these
 

 49. 
All of the placental mammals apparently arose from ancestral forms of
A.
Insectivora, which includes omnivorous shrews and moles.
B.
Carnivora, which includes dogs, cats, and seals.
C.
Rodentia, which includes mice and beavers.
D.
Metatheria, which includes the opossum and kangaroo.
E.
Primates, which means first.
 

 50. 
What do gametes, spores, and the gametophyte generation have in common?
A.
They are all diploid.
B.
They are all haploid.
C.
They are limited to vascular plants.
D.
They have nothing in common.
 

 51. 
Which of the following structures are analogous but not homologous to each other?
A.
wing of a bird and the wing of a butterfly
B.
wing of a bird and the wing of a bat
C.
the dew claw of a dog and the little toe of a human
D.
the flipper of an aquatic animal and the arm of a human
 

 52. 
Which of the following includes all the others?
A.
family
B.
phylum
C.
species
D.
class
E.
order
 

 53. 
Which of the following statements concerning the placenta is incorrect?
A.
It nourishes the young in the uterus.
B.
Nutrients pass to the fetus.
C.
It is entirely a maternal structure.
D.
It promotes faster growth than does the pouch of marsupials.
E.
It cleans the fetal blood of impurities.
 

 54. 
Which of the following phyla is characterized by radially symmetrical members?
A.
Arthropoda
B.
Cnidaria
C.
Platyhelminthes
D.
Chordata
E.
Annelida
 

 55. 
Which of the following statements is false?
A.
A single bacterium could potentially produce over 1 billion bacteria in less than a day.
B.
Over a million viruses could be found in the space equivalent to the dot of an i.
C.
Microorganisms fit into almost all categories of life-styles such as pathogens, parasites, autotrophs, and decomposers.
D.
Although viruses are not alive, they can reproduce independently under appropriate conditions.
E.
Viruses have nucleic acids and proteins, but no organelles.
 

 56. 
Which of the following is least likely to be a cause of extinction?
A.
asteroid impact
B.
human activity
C.
adaptive radiation
D.
tectonic activity
E.
climate change
 

 57. 
The club fungi are members of which of the following?
A.
Ascomycota
B.
Basidiomycota
C.
Imperfect fungi
D.
Oomycota
E.
Zygomycota
 

 58. 
Most true fungi send out cellular filaments called
A.
mycelia.
B.
hyphae.
C.
mycorrhizae.
D.
asci.
E.
gills.
 

 59. 
The convergence in external morphology of sharks, penguins, and porpoises is attributed to
A.
reduced genetic variability in these groups.
B.
selection pressures that are common to these groups.
C.
reproductive isolation of these groups.
D.
identical genes in all three groups.
E.
use and disuse of the limbs.
 

 60. 
Which of the following can result in instant speciation?
A.
development of a physical barrier
B.
polyploidy
C.
increase in physical size
D.
change in environmental conditions
E.
the introduction of a new predator into an area
 



 
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