Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
|
|
|
1.
|
The pyramid of energy
is A) | a demonstration of the first law of thermodynamics. | B) | a result of the decline in the energy available as energy travels through the trophic
levels. | C) | fundamentally different from the pyramid of biomass and the pyramid of
numbers. | D) | just one of the manifestations of
competition. | | |
|
|
|
2.
|
The average number of
individuals of the same species per unit of surface area at a given time is the A) | population density. | B) | population
growth. | C) | population birth rate. | D) | population size. | E) | carrying
capacity. | | |
|
|
|
3.
|
The seminal vesicles
("sperm vessels") are misnamed. Sperm are actually stored in the A) | vas deferens. | B) | epididymis. | C) | prostate. | D) | scrotum. | E) | urethra. | | |
|
|
|
4.
|
Muscles are attached to bones
by means of A) | sarcomeres. | B) | ligaments. | C) | cross-bridges. | D) | cuticle. | E) | tendons. | | |
|
|
|
5.
|
The operation of a
synapse A) | results from the passage of an electrical charge across the
gap. | B) | involves a transmitter substance from vesicles in the presynaptic
neuron that acts upon a receptor site in the postsynaptic neuron. | C) | occurs only between two nerves. | D) | is limited only by the action of acetylcholinesterase. | | |
|
|
|
6.
|
Chemosynthetic organisms
are A) | primary consumers. | B) | secondary
consumers. | C) | tertiary consumers. | D) | primary producers. | E) | secondary
producers. | | |
|
|
|
7.
|
The tube leading from each
kidney to the bladder is the A) | glomerulus. | B) | ureter. | C) | urethra. | D) | bladder. | E) | rectum. | | |
|
|
|
8.
|
In biological
magnification, A) | poisons build up in food chains and webs so that the concentration is
highest at the high end of the food chain. | B) | there is a tendency for an environment to
change when organisms first invade. | C) | more highly evolved forms are able to
build large populations under favorable conditions. | D) | parasites spread rapidly through congested populations. | E) | sediments fill in aquatic environments so that succession will occur if organisms
disturb the aquatic habitat. | | |
|
|
|
9.
|
Actual exchange of gases in the
lungs occurs in the A) | bronchi. | B) | alveoli. | C) | bronchioles. | D) | tracheas. | E) | glottis. | | |
|
|
|
10.
|
In a population growing
exponentially, A) | the number of individuals added to the population next year is greater
than the number added this year. | B) | the population growth rate increases year
after year. | C) | net reproduction per individual increases year after
year. | D) | the number of individuals added to the population next year is greater
than the number added this year and the population growth rate increases year after
year. | E) | the number of individuals added to the population next year is greater
than the number added this year, the population growth rate increases year after year, and net
reproduction per individual increases year after year. | | |
|
|
|
11.
|
A relationship in which two
species are dependent on each other for survival is A) | neutral relationship. | B) | commensalism. | C) | competitive exclusion. | D) | mutualism. | E) | parasitism. | | |
|
|
|
12.
|
A J-shaped growth curve is
converted to an S-shaped one A) | when the parents are past reproductive
age. | B) | if the data are plotted in reverse. | C) | when the carrying capacity is reached. | D) | if reproduction stops. | E) | only for fast-growing populations such as
bacteria. | | |
|
|
|
13.
|
The part of the eye that may be
colored (e.g., brown, blue, green, or gray) is the A) | retina. | B) | sclera. | C) | choroid. | D) | cornea. | E) | iris. | | |
|
|
|
14.
|
Body cells have self-markers
located A) | in their nuclei. | B) | in the endoplasmic reticulum. | C) | in the mitochondria. | D) | on the plasma
membrane. | E) | inside the Golgi bodies. | | |
|
|
|
15.
|
Ducts from the pancreas and
liver enter the A) | stomach. | B) | colon. | C) | duodenum. | D) | jejunum. | E) | ileum. | | |
|
|
|
16.
|
The cervix is part of
the A) | vulva. | B) | ovary. | C) | uterus. | D) | oviduct. | E) | vagina. | | |
|
|
|
17.
|
The lining of the intestinal
tract is produced by A) | the ectoderm. | B) | the endoderm. | C) | the mesoderm. | D) | the endoderm and mesoderm. | E) | all of the germ
layers. | | |
|
|
|
18.
|
Which of the following is most
directly associated with a stimulus? A) | integrators | B) | receptors | C) | effectors | D) | central nervous system | E) | all of these | | |
|
|
|
19.
|
Stem cells are found in
the A) | arteries. | B) | bone marrow. | C) | liver | D) | spleen | E) | pancreas | | |
|
|
|
20.
|
If you are blood type
A, A) | you carry antibodies for type B blood. | B) | you carry markers for type B blood. | C) | you can donate blood to a person with type O blood. | D) | you can receive blood from a person with type AB blood. | E) | none of these | | |
|
|
|
21.
|
Animals without teeth, such as
earthworms and birds, have an organ that accomplishes the same action as teeth. What is
it? A) | beak | B) | pharynx | C) | gizzard | D) | cloaca | E) | dentine | | |
|
|
|
22.
|
Which system is involved with
heat production? A) | endocrine system | B) | nervous system | C) | muscular system | D) | respiratory system | E) | skeletal system | | |
|
|
|
23.
|
Which nerves generally dominate
internal events when environmental conditions permit normal body functioning? A) | ganglia | B) | pacemaker | C) | sympathetic | D) | parasympathetic | E) | all of these | | |
|
|
|
24.
|
Niche overlap initially leads
to A) | mutualism. | B) | commensalism. | C) | competition. | D) | predation. | E) | parasitism. | | |
|
|
|
25.
|
Pioneer plant species are
usually characterized by A) | small size. | B) | efficient dispersal mechanisms. | C) | slow maturation. | D) | small size and efficient dispersal
mechanisms. | E) | small size, efficient dispersal mechanisms, and slow
maturation. | | |
|
|
|
26.
|
Which of the following
statements is NOT true? A) | Tissues are composed of cells with similar
structures but different functions. | B) | There are four major types of tissues
found in animals. | C) | Tissues exhibit division of
labor. | D) | Tissues are organized to form organs. | E) | All of these are true. | | |
|
|
|
27.
|
The right hemisphere of the
cerebrum is specialized for A) | verbal ability. | B) | mathematics. | C) | music
interpretation. | D) | control over the right side of the
body. | | |
|
|
|
28.
|
Which stage in development
occurs first? A) | cleavage | B) | morula | C) | gastrula | D) | zygote | E) | blastula | | |
|
|
|
29.
|
All but which of the following
are the products of meiosis? A) | male gametes | B) | spermatids | C) | sperm | D) | secondary spermatocytes | E) | spermatogonia | | |
|
|
|
30.
|
All nerves that conduct
impulses away from the central nervous system are A) | motor only, | B) | sensory only. | C) | motor or sensory depending body
location. | D) | spinal nerves. | E) | cranial nerves. | | |
|
|
|
31.
|
An antihistamine drug would
have as its SPECIFIC action which of the following? A) | constriction of the capillaries | B) | decreased redness | C) | reduced warmth | D) | promotion of clotting | E) | attraction of
phagocytes | | |
|
|
|
32.
|
In itself, a flood that washes
away an entire population of rabbits is A) | a density-dependent
factor. | B) | an intrinsic limiting factor. | C) | a consequence of exponential growth. | D) | density-independent. | E) | all of these | | |
|
|
|
33.
|
Epithelial cells are
specialized for all but which of the following functions? A) | secretion | B) | protection | C) | filtration | D) | contraction | E) | absorption | | |
|
|
|
34.
|
Which of the following is NOT
dependent on the others as a food supply? A) | carnivores | B) | herbivores | C) | producers | D) | detritivores | E) | decomposers | | |
|
|
|
35.
|
Hover flies like to drop in at
outdoor picnics to sample the sweets, but the reaction of the humans is to flee the scene because of
the flies' uncanny resemblance to bees. Thus, the survival of the hover
fly is enhanced by A) | mimicry. | B) | display behavior. | C) | warning
coloration. | D) | chemical defenses. | E) | camouflage. | | |
|
|
|
36.
|
Energy flow in an ecosystem
is A) | cyclical. | B) | one-way. | C) | two-way. | D) | reversible under different
conditions. | | |
|
|
|
37.
|
Calcitonin acts in opposition
to A) | the parathyroid hormone. | B) | thyroxine. | C) | glucagon. | D) | the adrenal
medulla. | E) | all of these | | |
|
|
|
38.
|
Interaction between resource
availability and a population's tolerance to prevailing environmental conditions
defines A) | the carrying capacity of the environment. | B) | exponential growth. | C) | the doubling time of a
population. | D) | density-independent factors. | E) | all of these | | |
|
|
|
39.
|
High stomach
acidity A) | creates ideal conditions for carbohydrate
digestion. | B) | promotes emulsification of fats. | C) | favors protein digestion. | D) | blocks the release of histamine, thereby
favoring production of peptic ulcers. | E) | converts lipases into their active
forms. | | |
|
|
|
40.
|
The taiga could best be
described as what type of forest? A) | deciduous | B) | thorn | C) | evergreen
coniferous | D) | broad-leafed | E) | shrub | | |
|
|
|
41.
|
The barrier to invasion by
microbes involves A) | urine. | B) | the symbiotic microorganisms already in
the body. | C) | ciliated mucous membranes. | D) | lysozyme and other enzymes. | E) | all of these | | |
|
|
|
42.
|
The process of filtration in
the glomerulus is driven by A) | active
transport. | B) | hydrostatic pressure. | C) | osmosis. | D) | dialysis. | E) | sodium-potassium pumps. | | |
|
|
|
43.
|
The biomass of a community is
the weight of the A) | material decomposed in a year. | B) | producers. | C) | living
organisms. | D) | consumers. | E) | decomposers. | | |
|
|
|
44.
|
In in vitro
fertilization, it is possible to tell that an ovum has been fertilized by the presence
of A) | human chorionic gonadotropin. | B) | progesterone. | C) | estrogen. | D) | testosterone. | E) | the second polar
body. | | |
|
|
|
45.
|
What we usually call the
"back" of the human body is really the A) | anterior. | B) | posterior. | C) | inferior. | D) | superior. | | |
|
|
|
46.
|
In feedback
systems, A) | two sets of organs may act in opposition to each
other. | B) | a set point may be established. | C) | receptors are required to monitor changing conditions. | D) | changes in environmental conditions (either internal or external) result in a response
by the organism. | E) | all of these | | |
|
|
|
47.
|
Which of the following is a
primary consumer? A) | cow | B) | dog | C) | hawk | D) | fox | E) | snake | | |
|
|
|
48.
|
All but which of the following
are in some way involved with protein digestion? A) | chymotrypsin | B) | amylase | C) | aminopeptidase | D) | pepsin | E) | trypsin | | |
|
|
|
49.
|
The release of cyclic AMP as a
second messenger is a response to A) | peptide
hormones. | B) | steroid hormones. | C) | glycoprotein hormones. | D) | peptide and glycoprotein
hormones. | E) | peptide, steroid, and glycoprotein hormones. | | |
|
|
|
50.
|
Cardiac muscle cells
are A) | involuntary. | B) | voluntary. | C) | striated. | D) | slow
contracting. | E) | involuntary and striated. | | |
|
|
|
51.
|
The most reasonable method of
limiting human population growth is A) | increasing carrying
capacity. | B) | decreasing birth rate. | C) | decreasing competition. | D) | increasing death
rate. | E) | exploiting outer space. | | |
|
|
|
52.
|
The ability of a rat to solve a
maze to obtain a reward is increased if it has the chance to explore the maze before the test begins.
This is an example of A) | insight
learning. | B) | latent learning. | C) | associative learning. | D) | conditioning. | E) | extinction. | | |
|
|
|
53.
|
Which of the following is the
space inside the blastula? A) | blastocyst | B) | blastofurrow | C) | blastocell | D) | blastocoel | E) | blastodisk | | |
|
|
|
54.
|
The spaces that separate
adjacent Schwann cells are called A) | neuroglia. | B) | myelin sheaths. | C) | nodes. | D) | dendrites. | E) | synapses. | | |
|
|
|
55.
|
In highly integrated insect
societies, A) | natural selection favors individual behaviors that lead to greater
diversity among members of the society. | B) | there is scarcely any division of
labor. | C) | cooperative behavior predominates. | D) | patterns of behavior are flexible, and learned behavior
predominates. | E) | all of these | | |
|
|
|
56.
|
Pheromones are A) | used in nonverbal communication. | B) | found only in the invertebrates. | C) | signals to members of other species. | D) | types of internal hormones that control maturation. | | |
|
|
|
57.
|
A vaccine
contains A) | killed pathogen. | B) | weakened pathogen. | C) | noninfective fragments of a
pathogen. | D) | full-strength pathogen. | E) | all except "full-strength pathogen" may be used | | |
|
|
|
58.
|
Water-soluble
hormones A) | must be transported by specific carriers in the
blood. | B) | have no trouble entering the target cells. | C) | find and react with the surface receptor molecules. | D) | sometimes elicit the production of a second messenger. | E) | all except "have no trouble entering the target cells" are
true | | |
|
|
|
59.
|
Positive feedback systems are
characteristic of the A) | male reproductive system and the pituitary
gland. | B) | relative amounts of insulin and glucagon circulating in the
bloodstream. | C) | secretion of oxytocin and the onset and continuation of
labor. | D) | release of antidiuretic hormone and the excretion of sodium by the
kidney. | | |
|
|
|
60.
|
A class project designed to
study a pond ecosystem would make careful records of A) | animal life. | B) | plant life. | C) | abiotic factors. | D) | animal and plant life
only. | E) | animal and plant life, abiotic factors plus bacteria, fungi, and
protistans. | | |
|