Name: 
 

Year End Ch. 9-16 Practice


Multiple Choice:
 

 1. 
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the pea plants with which Mendel worked?
A.
They produced male and female parts.
B.
They exhibited blending inheritance.
C.
They would normally self-fertilize.
D.
They had many different traits and exhibited some pure-breeding varieties.
E.
They could be easily cross-fertilized by human manipulation.
 

 2. 
If a purine bonded to a purine in DNA, the molecule would __________ in that region.
A.
be constricted
D.
unwind
B.
be perfectly normal
E.
bulge
C.
lose a sugar-phosphate unit
 

 3. 
A bell-shaped curve of phenotypic variation is indicative of
A.
incomplete dominance.
D.
epistasis.
B.
continuous variation.
E.
environmental variables on phenotypes.
C.
multiple alleles.
 

 4. 
If the paternal chromosome has alleles L, M, and n and the maternal chromosomes have l, m, and N, then the chromosome that cannot be produced by crossing over is
A.
LMN
B.
LMn
C.
LmN
D.
Lmn
E.
lmn
 

 5. 
In Mendel's time, most people believed that
A.
all genetic traits bred true.
B.
only certain forms of domesticated plants and animals bred true.
C.
the characteristics of parents were blended in the offspring.
D.
acquired characteristics were inherited.
E.
the inheritance of traits was controlled by blood.
 

 6. 
Which of the following dominates the process of transcription?
A.
RNA polymerase
C.
phenylketonuria
E.
all of these
B.
DNA polymerase
D.
transfer RNA
 

 7. 
The maximum number of tRNAs that can be on one ribosome at one time is
A.
2.
B.
3.
C.
43.
D.
unlimited.
E.
unknown.
 

 8. 
Bacteriophages are
A.
large bacteria.
B.
pathogens (disease-producing bacteria).
C.
viruses.
D.
cellular components.
E.
protistans.
 

 9. 
The synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template strand is
A.
replication.
C.
transcription.
E.
metabolism.
B.
translation.
D.
DNA synthesis.
 

 10. 
In radishes, red and white are the pure-breeding colors and long and round are the pure-breeding shapes, while the hybrids are purple and oval. The cross of a purple oval with a purple oval
A.
is a cross between two pure-breeding forms.
B.
is an example of a testcross.
C.
produces only homozygous pure-breeding forms.
D.
produces only heterozygous offspring.
E.
none of these
 

 11. 
The use of RFLPs for "genetic fingerprinting" is based upon
A.
the type of gel used in electrophoresis.
B.
identical alleles at loci.
C.
differences of locations where enzymes make their cuts.
D.
differences between blood and semen DNA.
E.
bonding of DNA to RNA.
 

 12. 
The portion of the DNA molecule that is not translated and is a noncoding portion of DNA is composed of
A.
introns.
D.
transcriptons.
B.
anticodons.
E.
exons and transcriptons.
C.
exons.
 

 13. 
There are how many different kinds of RNA nucleotides?
A.
3
B.
4
C.
5
D.
6
E.
12
 

 14. 
Recombinant DNA technology
A.
uses bacteria to make copies of the desired product.
B.
splices DNAs together.
C.
is possible only between closely related species.
D.
uses bacteria to make copies of the desired product and splices DNAs together.
E.
uses bacteria to make copies of the desired product, splices DNAs together, and is possible only between closely related species.
 

 15. 
Chromatids are
A.
attached at the centriole.
B.
a pair of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father.
C.
attached at their centromeres.
D.
identical until crossing over occurs.
E.
attached at their centromeres and are identical until crossing over occurs.
 

 16. 
Restriction enzymes
A.
work at recognition sites.
D.
function only in genetic laboratories.
B.
function only at "sticky ends."
E.
none of these
C.
produce uniform lengths of DNA.
 

 17. 
Which of the following statements is false?
A.
The patterns of gene expression vary from one cell to another in complex multicellular organisms.
B.
Less is known about gene controls in unicellular prokaryotes than in multicellular eukaryotes.
C.
Eukaryotes rely on conversion between active phosphorylated regulators and inactive forms more than prokaryotes do.
D.
The timing of the induction (turning on) of genes varies throughout the life span of an organism depending upon the gene in question.
E.
Hormones are one of the chief signaling molecules that allow for variable gene expression. Control in Eukaryotic cells
 

 18. 
A kinetochore is
A.
an area on the centromere to which the microtubules attach.
B.
located in the middle of each chromosome.
C.
the region of the chromosome where crossing over occurs.
D.
the last part of a chromosome to reach the poles of the cell.
E.
duplicated during prophase.
 

 19. 
One of the first successful applications of genetic engineering was the commercial production of
A.
clotting factor.
B.
insulin.
C.
hemoglobin.
D.
strawberries.
E.
carrot seedlings.
 

 20. 
Which of the following is a transfer of genes between nonhomologous chromosomes?
A.
crossing over
C.
trisomy
E.
duplication
B.
aneuploidy
D.
translocation
 

 21. 
Amniocentesis is
A.
a surgical means of repairing deformities.
B.
a form of chemotherapy that modifies or inhibits gene expression or the function of gene products.
C.
used in prenatal diagnosis to detect chromosomal mutations and metabolic disorders in embryos.
D.
a form of gene replacement therapy.
E.
all of these
 

 22. 
The number of chromosomes found in a eukaryotic cell
A.
indicates the phylogenetic position of the organism.
B.
is constant during the life cycle.
C.
is haploid among asexually reproducing forms and diploid if they reproduce sexually.
D.
is doubled by fertilization and cut in half by meiosis.
E.
is dependent on the age of the tissue.
 

 23. 
A collection of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into plasmids is called
A.
copied DNA.
C.
DNA amplification.
E.
plasmid DNA.
B.
transcribed DNA.
D.
a DNA library.
 

 24. 
Anaphase
A.
involves the lining up of the chromosomes across the equatorial plate.
B.
is the same in mitosis and meiosis I and II.
C.
is initiated when the newly divided centromeres begin to move apart.
D.
results in an unequal distribution of chromosomes to the resulting cells.
 

 25. 
If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis,
A.
the resulting sex cells will be heterogametes.
B.
one-half of the resulting cells will exhibit trisomy and the other half monosomy.
C.
diploid cells will be produced.
D.
all gametes would lack a chromosome and these gametes would be infertile.
 

 26. 
There are how many different kinds of RNA codons?
A.
3
B.
12
C.
28
D.
64
E.
120
 

 27. 
Different, or alternative, forms of the same gene are called
A.
genetomorphs.
C.
mutants.
E.
homologous.
B.
alleles.
D.
chromatids.
 

 28. 
What could the children of a color-blind woman and a man with normal vision be?
A.
All will be color blind.
B.
None will be color blind.
C.
Daughters will be color blind and sons will be normal.
D.
Sons will be color blind and daughters will be normal.
 

 29. 
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.
In asexual reproduction, the parent passes a complete set of genes to its offspring.
B.
In sexual reproduction, both meiosis and fertilization must occur during the life cycle.
C.
In sexual reproduction, a human offspring receives two genes for every trait.
D.
Sexual reproduction puts together new combinations of genes.
E.
Sexual reproduction produces clones.
 

 30. 
Which of the following is NOT necessary for spindle apparatus formation?
A.
microtubules
D.
microtubule organizing centers
B.
proteins
E.
tubulins
C.
centrioles
 

 31. 
Which of the following is NOT true of spindles?
A.
They are permanent cell structures.
B.
They interact with kinetochores.
C.
Some of their microtubules overlap at the cell equator.
D.
Tubulin is the main component.
E.
Their subunits continually change.
 

 32. 
If the DNA triplets were ATG-CGT, the tRNA anticodons would be
A.
AUG-CGU.
C.
UAC-GCA.
E.
none of these
B.
ATG-CGT.
D.
UAG-CGU.
 

 33. 
With respect to chromosomes, the difference between normal human males and females is defined by which of the following?
A.
In females, one X is deleted.
D.
Females have three X's.
B.
Females possess one X and one Y.
E.
Males have two X's and a Y.
C.
In males an X is replaced by a Y.
 

 34. 
The ABO blood types have __________ different genotypes.
A.
4
B.
6
C.
8
D.
12
E.
16
 

 35. 
In radishes, red and white are the pure-breeding colors and long and round are the pure-breeding shapes, while the hybrids are purple and oval. The F2 generation of a cross between long and white and red and round will produce
A.
offspring that will all express dominant traits.
B.
offspring that will all be phenotypically identical.
C.
offspring that will all be genotypically identical.
D.
purple round, purple long, white oval, and red oval offspring in equal numbers, as well as other phenotypes.
E.
offspring that will all be phenotypically and genotypically identical.
 

 36. 
Which of the following is NOT an example of a clone?
A.
a pair of identical twins
B.
a group of rooted plant cuttings from a single plant
C.
the cells produced by the asexual reproduction of a single-celled organism
D.
the offspring produced by two parents
 

 37. 
Which of the following is false?
A.
Gene transfer and recombination is a common occurrence in nature.
B.
The transfer of genetic material from one organism to another is dependent upon enzymes that cut and tie genes.
C.
Rather than causing lysis of bacteria, some bacteriophages may be incorporated into the bacterial genome.
D.
The insertion of gene fragments can be accomplished only in the laboratory under artificial conditions.
E.
Once a gene has been incorporated into a bacterium, it may undergo amplification.
 

 38. 
Asexually produced daughter cells are
A.
identical to each other.
B.
identical to the parental cell.
C.
different from parental cell.
D.
different from each other.
E.
identical to each other and to the parental cell.
 

 39. 
During meiosis II,
A.
cytokinesis results in the formation of a total of two cells.
B.
sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other.
C.
homologous chromosomes synapse.
D.
homologous chromosomes separate.
E.
sister chromatids exchange parts.
 

 40. 
All mRNA transcripts begin with
A.
methionine.
C.
AUG.
E.
an anticodon.
B.
a ribosome.
D.
the P site.
 

 41. 
If the codon consisted of only two nucleotides, there would be how many different kinds of codons?
A.
4
B.
8
C.
16
D.
32
E.
64
 

 42. 
RNA can manufacture DNA via the action of
A.
DNA polymerase.
D.
ligase.
B.
RNA polymerase.
E.
restriction endonuclease.
C.
reverse transcriptase.
 

 43. 
In an autosomal dominant disorder such as Huntington's, two carrier parents have the probability of passing the gene on to __________ percent of their children.
A.
50
B.
0
C.
100
D.
25
E.
75
 

 44. 
In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s). If a red spotted male was crossed with a black solid female and all the offspring from several crosses expressed only the dominant traits, the genotype of the female would be
A.
BB SS.
C.
Bb Ss.
E.
none of these
B.
Bb SS.
D.
BB Ss.
 

 45. 
In Down syndrome,
A.
as the age of the mother increases, the chance of the defect occurring in the unborn children increases.
B.
the father seems to have very little influence on the defect.
C.
most embryos abort before complete term.
D.
a person with the defect cannot have a normal child.
E.
none of these
 

 46. 
Strictly speaking, mitosis and meiosis are divisions of the
A.
nucleus.
B.
cytoplasm.
C.
chromosomes.
D.
nucleus and chromosomes.
E.
nucleus, cytoplasm, and chromosomes.
 

 47. 
Assume that short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l) and black hair (B) is dominant to brown (b). If you found a black short-haired animal, you could determine its genotype by crossing it to an animal with a genotype of
A.
LL BB.
B.
ll BB.
C.
ll Bb.
D.
ll bb.
E.
LL bb.
 

 48. 
The entire process of producing two cells from one cell
A.
starts with prophase.
B.
ends with cytokinesis.
C.
results in the equal distribution of organelles between cells.
D.
occurs only in multicellular organisms.
E.
starts with prophase and ends with cytokinesis.
 

 49. 
If a gamete is missing one chromosome,
A.
the chromosome number is expressed as 2n - 1.
B.
then one chromosome is without its homologue.
C.
the condition is called monosomy.
D.
only the chromosome number is expressed as 2n - 1, and the condition is called monosomy.
E.
only the chromosome number is expressed as 2n - 1, one chromosome is without its homologue, and the condition is called monosomy.
 

 50. 
Which of the following cells is NOT haploid?
A.
secondary spermatocyte
C.
primary oocyte
E.
polar bodies
B.
sperm
D.
spermatids
 

 51. 
Nondisjunction involving the X chromosomes may occur during oogenesis and produce two kinds of eggs. If normal sperm fertilize these two types, which of the following pairs of genotypes are possible?
A.
XX and XY
C.
XYY and XO
E.
none of these
B.
XXY and XO
D.
XYY and YO
 

 52. 
Sex chromosomes
A.
determine gender.
B.
vary from one sex to another.
C.
carry some genes that have nothing to do with sex.
D.
were unknown to Mendel.
E.
all of these
 

 53. 
Which of the following genotypes is homozygous?
A.
AaBB
B.
aABB
C.
aaBB
D.
aaBb
E.
AaBb
 

 54. 
DNA and RNA are alike in
A.
the pentose sugar.
B.
all the nitrogenous bases used to assemble the genetic code.
C.
the number of strands.
D.
their function in genetics.
E.
none of these
 

 55. 
Blood types (A, B, and O) are controlled by
A.
sex-linked genes.
D.
multiple alleles.
B.
linked genes.
E.
none of these
C.
incompletely dominant genes.
 

 56. 
DNA replication occurs
A.
between the gap phases of interphase.
B.
immediately before prophase of mitosis.
C.
during prophase of mitosis.
D.
during prophase of meiosis.
E.
at any time during cell division.
 

 57. 
The genetic code is made up of units consisting of how many nucleotides?
A.
2
B.
3
C.
5
D.
6
E.
12
 

 58. 
If R is dominant to r, the offspring of the cross of RR with rr will
A.
be homozygous.
B.
display the same phenotype as the RR parent.
C.
display the same phenotype as the rr parent.
D.
have the same genotype as the RR parent.
E.
have the same genotype as the rr parent.
 

 59. 
If alleles L, M, and N are on the maternal chromosome and l, m, and n are on the paternal chromosome, the only way that a gamete from a heterozygote will produce a gamete with alleles l, m, and N is through
A.
nondisjunction.
D.
crossing over.
B.
the laws of segregation.
E.
chromosome aberration.
C.
the law of independent assortment.
 

 60. 
Eukaryotic DNA molecules
A.
have no proteins.
B.
have small amounts of protein at each end of the DNA molecules.
C.
have large amounts of protein at each end of the DNA molecules.
D.
have small amounts of protein dispersed among the DNA molecules.
E.
have large amounts of protein dispersed among the DNA molecules.
 



 
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