Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1.
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Which statement is best
supported by fossil records? A. | Many organisms that lived in the past are
now extinct. | B. | Species occupying the same habitat have identical environmental
needs. | C. | The struggle for existence between organisms results in changes in
populations. | D. | Structures such as leg bones and wing bones can originate from the
same type of tissue found in embryos. | | |
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2.
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Which statement about the rates
of evolution for different species is in agreement with the theory of evolution? A. | They are identical, since the species live on the same
planet. | B. | They are identical, since each species is at risk of becoming
extinct. | C. | They are different, since each species has different adaptations that
function within a changing environment. | D. | They are different, since each species has
access to unlimited resources within its environment. | | |
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3.
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The first life-forms to appear
on Earth were most likely A. | complex single-celled
organisms | C. | simple single-celled organisms | B. | complex multicellular organisms | D. | simple multicellular
organisms | | | | |
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4.
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The diversity within the wild
bird species in the diagram below can best be explained by which process?
A. | natural selection | C. | asexual reproduction | B. | ecological succession | D. | mitotic cell division | | | | |
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5.
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A large population of
cockroaches was sprayed with a newly developed, fast-acting insecticide. The appearance of some
cockroaches that are resistant to this insecticide supports the concept that A. | species traits tend to remain constant | C. | the environment does not
change | B. | insecticides cause mutations | D. | variation exists within a
species | | | | |
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6.
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When lions prey on a herd of
antelope, some of the antelope are eliminated. Which part of the theory of evolution can be used to
describe this situation? A. | asexual reproduction of the
fittest | B. | isolation | C. | survival of the best
adapted | D. | new species development due to mutation | | |
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7.
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The process by which a species
passes out of existence is known as A. | endangerment | B. | deforestation | C. | extinction | D. | adaptation | | | | | | | | |
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8.
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Differences between the members
of a population will most likely be passed to future generations if they are A. | due to genetic changes and result in unfavorable variations | B. | due to genetic changes and result in favorable variations | C. | not due to genetic changes and result in unfavorable
variations | D. | not due to genetic changes and result in favorable
variations | | |
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9.
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How does natural selection
operate to cause change in a population? A. | The members of the population differ so
that only some survive when the environment changes. | B. | The members of the population are equally able to survive environmental
change. | C. | The members of the population cause environmental changes and adapt to
them. | D. | All the members of the population adapt to environmental
changes. | | |
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10.
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Many animals exist today in a
form that is almost identical to the form they had a million years ago. What is the most probable
explanation for this lack of evolutionary change? A. | Genetic mutations have occurred among
these animals. | B. | The environment of these animals remained about the
same. | C. | These animals reproduce by sexual
reproduction. | D. | Complex organisms evolved into simpler ones. | | |
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11.
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Which situation would most
likely result in the highest rate of natural selection? A. | reproduction of organisms by an asexual method in an unchanging
environment | B. | reproduction of a species having a very low mutation rate in a
changing environment | C. | reproduction of organisms in an unchanging
environment with little competition and few predators | D. | reproduction of organisms exhibiting genetic differences due to mutations and genetic
recombinations in a changing environment | | |
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12.
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Which statement best
illustrates a rapid biological adaptation that has actually occurred? A. | Pesticide-resistant insects have developed in certain
environments. | B. | Scientific evidence indicates that dinosaurs once lived on
land. | C. | Paving large areas of land has decreased habitats for certain
organisms. | D. | The characteristics of sharks have remainedunchanged over a long
period of time. | | |
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Use the following
information and your knowledge of biology to answer questions 13-15:
Two different species of
crickets inhabited a meadow. One species of cricket had a straw-colored body and made up 90% of the
total cricket population. The other species of cricket had a dark red body and made up 10% of the
population. This proportion between the species had been constant for many years. A new variety of
grass with purple blades appeared in the meadow. The purple grass was better adapted to the meadow
environment than the native green grass and replaced the green grass within a period of 50
years.
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13.
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The evolutionary concept that
would explain the changes taking place during the 50-year period in both the crickets and grasses is
called A. | common ancestry | C. | homeostatic
balance | B. | natural selection | D. | selective
breeding | | | | |
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14.
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What is the most likely reason
for the large proportion of straw-colored crickets in the original population? A. | More straw-colored crickets than red were able to survive in the green
grass. | B. | Few natural enemies of the straw-colored crickets lived in the
meadow. | C. | The straw-colored crickets were larger and killed off most of the red
crickets. | D. | Red-colored crickets were not a part of the fossil record for the
meadow. | | |
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15.
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The appearance of the purple
grass was most likely the result of A. | asexual
reproduction | C. | cloning | B. | genetic
engineering | D. | mutation | | | | |
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16.
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Even though the environment
changes, a population that occupies a given geographic area will most likely continue to be found in
this area if the A. | variations in the population decrease over
time | B. | members of the population decrease in number | C. | members of the population exceed the carrying capacity | D. | population passes on those genes that result in favorable
adaptations | | |
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17.
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When humans first domesticated
dogs, there was relatively little diversity in the species. Today,there are many variations such as
the German shepherd and the dalmation. This increase in diversity is most closely associated
with A. | cloning of selected body cells | C. | mitotic cell
division | B. | selective breeding | D. | environmental influences on inherited
traits | | | | |
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18.
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Information related to the
organisms found on Earth during various geological time periods is represented in the chart
below.
Which
statement concerning the first appearance of the organisms over the time period represented in this
chart is most likely correct? A. | Life on Earth has remained the
same. | B. | Life on Earth has changed from primitive organisms to more complex
organisms. | C. | Life on Earth began with complex organisms and changed to more complex
organisms. | D. | Life on Earth has changed rapidly. | | |
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19.
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The diagram below illustrates a
proposed evolutionary path of certain organisms, based on the theory of
evolution.
Which statement could best be inferred from the information in this
diagram? A. | Evolution does not involve gradual change. | B. | Evolutionary changes can result in extinction. | C. | Evolution begins with plants. | D. | Evolution produces organisms that all fill the same niche. | | |
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20.
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When the antibiotic penicillin
was first introduced, it was immediately effective in combating staphylococcus bacterial infections.
After a number of years, there were outbreaks of staphylococcal infections that did not respond to
treatment with penicillin. The best explanation for this situation is that A. | members of the original population of bacteria that were penicillin resistant survived
and reproduced, creating a more resistant population | B. | the bacteria that survived exposure to penicillin learned to avoid
it | C. | the bacteria that caused the new outbreaks were from populations that
had never been exposed to penicillin | D. | during each generation, the bacteria
modified their own DNA to increase their ability to resist penicillin and passed this ability on to
their descendants | | |
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Short
Answer
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21.
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A certain chemical destroys
bacteria that have thin cell walls. Bacteria with thick cell walls are not affected. Describe how the
introduction of this chemical into a culture containing both types of bacteria could be used to
illustrate the theory of natural selection.
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Use the following diagram
and your knowledge of biology to answer questions 22-24:
The diagram shows an interpretation of
relationships based on evolutionary theory. The letters represent different
species.
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22.
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The diagram indicates that a
common ancestor for species C and E is species
(1)
F (2)
G (3)
H (4) K
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23.
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Which species in the diagram
are least likely to be vital parts of a present-day ecosystem?
(1) A
and E (2) C and D
(3) E and J (4) B and F
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24.
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Explain why species B
and C are more closely related than species A and C are.
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Use the following data and
information to answer questions 25-27:
An investigation was performed to determine the
resistance of two species of Anopheles mosquito to the insecticides malathion and dieldrin. In
May, two groups of 10,000 insects of each species were sprayed with insecticide. One group was
sprayed with malathion, the second group with dieldrin. The number of surviving insects was recorded
after the first spraying. The surviving insects were then allowed to reproduce. Several generations
of new offspring were produced over the following three months. On the first day of each month they
were sprayed, and the number of survivors was recorded in the table below.
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25.
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Which graph best represents the
number of survivors after spraying in the Anopheles culifacies population from May to
August?
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26.
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State one valid
conclusion that can be drawn from these above data.
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27.
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State one negative
impact that the use of these two insecticides might have on the environment.
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28.
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A European species
of rabbit was released on a ranch in Victoria, Australia. The species thrived and reproduced rapidly.
The rabbits overgrazed the land, reducing the food supply for the sheep. The Myxoma sp. virus
was used to kill the rabbits. The first time this virus was applied, it killed 99.8% of the rabbits.
When the rabbits became a problem again, the virus was applied a second time. This time, only 90% of
the rabbits were killed. When the rabbits became a problem a third time, the virus was applied once
again, and only 50% of the rabbits were killed. Today, this virus has little or no effect on this
species of rabbit.
Explain what happened to the species of rabbit as a result of the use of
this virus. You must include and circle the following terms in your answer. [4]
- gene
- adaptive
value or adaptation or adapted
- variation
- survival
of the fittest
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29.
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When Charles Darwin was
developing his theory of evolution, he considered variations in a population important. However, he
could not explain how the variations occurred. Name two processes that can result in variation
in a population.Explain how these processes actually cause variation.
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30.
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Explain why, in a mammal, a
mutation in a gamete may contribute to evolution while a mutation in a body cell will
not.
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